What complication is most commonly associated with mechanical ventilation?

Mechanical ventilation is often associated with several complications, but gastrointestinal hemorrhage is particularly notable due to the physiological changes that occur when a patient is placed on ventilatory support.

Mechanical ventilation, especially when it involves positive pressure, can lead to decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is largely due to alterations in intrathoracic pressure, which can affect venous return and subsequently impair perfusion to abdominal organs. Additionally, stress associated with critical illness can lead to mucosal ischemia and an increased risk of GI bleeding.

Furthermore, many patients on mechanical ventilation may also be receiving anticoagulant therapy to prevent other complications, which could further exacerbate the risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. As a result of these factors, gastrointestinal problems, including the risk of bleeding, become a significant concern for patients who are mechanically ventilated.

While the other options present important considerations in the context of critical care, they are less directly associated with the mechanical ventilation process itself compared to gastrointestinal hemorrhage.